1. programming A collection of identically typed data items
distinguished by their indices (or "subscripts"). The number
of dimensions an array can have depends on the language but is
usually unlimited.
An array is a kind of
aggregate data type. A single
ordinary variable (a "
scalar") could be considered as a
zero-dimensional array. A one-dimensional array is also known
A reference to an array element is written something like
A[i,j,k] where A is the array name and i, j and k are the
indices. The
C language is peculiar in that each index is
written in separate brackets, e.g. A[i][j][k]. This expresses
the fact that, in C, an N-dimensional array is actually a
vector, each of whose elements is an N-1 dimensional array.
Elements of an array are usually stored contiguously.
Languages differ as to whether the leftmost or rightmost index
varies most rapidly, i.e. whether each row is stored
contiguously or each column (for a 2D array).
Arrays are appropriate for storing data which must be accessed
in an unpredictable order, in contrast to
lists which are
best when accessed sequentially.
(1995-01-25)