language A functional programming language by Manfred von

Thun. Joy is unusual because it is not based on lambdacalculus, but on the composition of functions. Functions

take a stack as argument, consume any number of parameters

from it, and return it with any number of results on it. The

concatenation of programs denotes the composition of

functions. One of the datatypes of Joy is that of quoted

programs, of which lists are a special case.